Part1
Let's Go to Miwasaki
Part2
Back Then
Part3
Manyoshu
Miwasaki
Cover
2. Back Then
Miwasaki is a tiny corner of the Nanki Kumano-nada coastline, squeezed between the rough Pacific Ocean and the Kumano mountain range, like the forehead of a cat. It's a rather apologetic piece of land. Yet, as a settlement, it has appeared and disappeared in history since the time of Emperor Jimmu's eastern campaign.
The town stretches narrowly along the coast, with rice paddies and terraced fields extending inland. It was originally a town of both farming and fishing.
Some may recall director Kaneto Shindo's film “The Naked Island” (1960, Modern British Association), which depicted impoverished farmers on a small island in the Seto Inland Sea.
Shot in monochrome with no dialogue, it featured almost exclusively Nobuko Otowa and Taiji Tonoyama. It portrayed the solitary lives of poor farmers with a detached, documentary-like touch. It drew every viewer's eyes to the screen, bringing tears to their eyes. It won the Grand Prix at the Moscow International Film Festival.
 
In my case, transfixed by the film, my eyes sweating, I somehow recalled helping my parents as an elementary school boy in the fields atop a small hill. While not as tragic or harsh as “The Naked Island,” Miwasaki had its similarities.
 
Back then, my parents ran a grocery store and supplemented their income by farming the fields. My father also went fishing.
In Miwasaki, most households followed the pattern: men to the sea, women to the fields.
Every fisherman rose before dawn. They wolfed down ochazuke and headed out to sea. The men untied the mooring lines, hoisted the sails of their tenma boats, and set out to sea.
The women busily helped until the boats left the shore, then watched them go. After sending the children off to school, they hurried to the fields in the mountains.

My parents' fields were on a small hill very close to what is now called the Kumano Kodo Koyasan Trail's “Miwasaki Entrance.” Turning off the ancient trail onto a path along the field ridges, it took about fifteen minutes to reach the fields at the top.

畑への坂道

Sweet potatoes (we simply called them “potatoes”), wheat, pumpkins, peas, and all sorts of other things... we grew grains and vegetables to fill our bellies.
Looking down, the Kumano Sea stretched out below. In a spot with a good view stood a summer mandarin orange tree, which bore fruit heavy with ripeness when the season came. They were sour and awful.
It was just around the time Masako Kawada's song “The Hill Where Mikan Blossoms Bloom” started being sung, and even now, I associate the lyrics with this very field.

みかんの花が 咲いている
思い出の道 丘の道
はるかに見える 青い海
お船がとおく 霞(かす)んでる
Mikan blossoms are blooming
The path of memories, the hill's path
The blue sea visible far away
Ships far off, hazy

The mountain path to the field was a narrow ledge, barely wide enough for one person to walk along. My parents carried loads on a balance pole along that path, going back and forth. My sister, brother, and I would also go to help after school.
It was pure luck no one fell off the cliff. It was tough (exhausting), but my parents' exaggerated praise made us ecstatic.

Winter wheat trampling was brutal. My feet went numb (froze). The biting wind swept across the exposed fields.
In summer, carrying the balance pole up and down the fields to the fields was enough to give you sunstroke. Sometimes, the barley rice we ate at noon had ants crawling all over it.
“You know, ants are incredibly strong creatures. That's why, even if it's not tasty, it's nourishing.”
That was my father's favorite saying.

父

Suzushima and Kushima Islands

Just a stone's throw from the shore in front of the fishing cooperative, two small islands float. The left is Suzushima, the right is Kushima. A bridge (caisson) connects the two, but children used to swim across to either island.

Suzushima, where two pine trees ostentatiously vie for beauty. Dive beneath the island's perimeter, and you'll find abalone, sea urchin, shrimp, and coastal fish teeming.
Kushima, covered in pine and mixed woodland. A small shrine enshrines the guardian deity of fishermen. ... Former sumo wrestler Kushima-umi is the son of Kushima-san, the geta sandal shop who managed this island for many years. Kushima-umi's parents moved to Shingu.

The view from both islands looking back at the Kumano-nada coast, stretching from Miwasaki to Sano, isn't bad either.

父
My father around
the age of 50
(Suzu-shima Island
in the background)

My father was a master free diver. From the age of sixteen, he spent seventeen years diving for pearl oysters in the Arafura Sea, north of Australia near Papua New Guinea. Drawing on those past skills and using a bamboo speargun he invented himself, he brought the bounty of the sea from around Suzushima to our table day after day.
Miso soup with chunks of shrimp was an offering from the shore, as was vinegar-marinated abalone liver. The taste remains unforgettable.

My father was also a master at finding sea turtle eggs while walking along the sandy shoreline. When I was in elementary and junior high school, we'd eat boiled turtle eggs over warm rice... breaking two or three eggs, cracking their soft shells, and letting the contents fall onto the rice. A little soy sauce drizzled on top, then stirred with chopsticks. After that, it was just a matter of huffing and puffing while devouring it. How incredibly delicious it was.
Nowadays, walking along the beach with a bamboo stick in hand searching for turtle eggs is probably forbidden.

One more thing. My father loved turtle meat. Our family did too. Turtle meat sukiyaki – I've never known anything quite so delicious since. This is a true story. ...However, they say eating this meat forces every virus in your body to come out, so apparently some people didn't want to eat it.

鈴島
Off the coast of Suzushima lies the rough sea of the Pacific Ocean

Now, the two small islands bear no trace of their former selves.
The pines of Suzu Island have already withered; only a few bald trees faintly hint at the past.
Kushima Island, too, has lost its lush greenery. Only a few beach cotton plants bloom.
The fishermen's guardian deity looks lonely beyond the vermilion torii gate, its paint peeling away.

Large-scale land reclamation, fishing port renovations, from oar-powered tenma boats to steamboats... Efforts to stem depopulation went unrewarded, while nature alone changed completely.
 …………
Yet the sea at Miwasaki remains as captivating as ever. A noisy sea contrasting with the town's quiet. The rocky shores and small islands reveal their rugged forms through the crashing waves. Fishing is still thriving. In summer, the sandy beaches bustle with swimmers.

Cultivated Fields and Rice Paddies

The mountain fields I tended until junior high were passed on to someone else long ago.
The potato field that always won first prize for size at the agricultural fair. The summer oranges, sour but perfect for quenching thirst. The slope along the way where snakes often appeared, terrifying me.
I wonder what they look like now.

The rice paddies where I helped my father with double cropping from middle school through high school are now a residential area. Since our ancestral graves are just a little further on, I pass here every time I return home.
The pain of weeding in the scorching summer sun in those paddies still comes back to me. Leeches clinging to my legs everywhere—it was so disgusting.
On the way back from the fields, I often picked water dropwort with my mother along the embankments. Whether boiled or added to miso soup, it smelled wonderful and tasted delicious.
The narrow path where I pulled the handcart back and forth still faintly holds traces of the past.

父
“The soil is alive too, you know.
It's not like having a cow plow it!”

The Four Seasons

After the Pacific War, when I was in elementary school (around 1950). Miwasaki was like this.

Spring

From March, it warms up and the cherry blossoms start to bloom. It rains often. When the cherry blossoms fall, the satsuki azaleas and common azaleas bloom. The slopes leading to the mountain fields become covered in weeds. The Japanese knotweed grows thick. It brushes against your hands and feet, causing scrapes that draw blood. The grassy scent was in the air. Do you know a vegetable called “gonpachi”? It was delicious boiled and eaten plain, or added to stews.

From the time of the carp streamers, the weather turned into that crisp, clear May sunshine. It grew hotter day by day.
On Saturdays, after school ended, my siblings and I would chatter and laugh as we walked along the coastal road to the foothills on the outskirts of town. It took about 20 minutes to reach the spot where the tunnel came into view. We crossed the railroad tracks and crossed the stone bridge over the “Shirakawa” (Grass River?). Just above, in the shade of the trees on the mountain, our parents waited with lunch prepared. It was a ledge about two and a half tatami mats wide halfway up the slope, our spot for lunch and relaxation.
Wiping sweat from our brows, we climbed the steep mountain path. We all called out in unison,
“Daddy~! Mommy~!”...(echoed by the mountain god)
From above,
“Kids~! Watch your step~!”...(echoed by the mountain god)

Summer

Looking down from the mountain fields over the heavy summer mandarin orange trees, Suzushima and Kushima islands float in the cobalt blue sea. The Ugui Peninsula juts out to the west. The sky is aqua blue. The blazing sun beats down relentlessly.

Pure white waves sparkle here and there, leaping and weaving striped patterns. Just below, the rough waves crash against the rocky reef, thudding and thundering.
I forget the beads of sweat dripping from my straw-hatted face, mesmerized. Behind me, Father calls,
“Shigeru~! Staying out in the sun too long will give you sunstroke!”

Autumn

After the sweet potato harvest and rice cutting in the fields, the town holds the grand autumn festival at Hachiman Shrine.

The Danjiris of mikoshi portable shrines, Ebisu- Daikoku, and the Twenty-Four Filial Exemplars (called Nijihiko) floats representing parade through the narrow streets. The highlight is the clanging and crashing of the danjiri as they jostle, fueling the town's once-a-year excitement. On the sandy beach, the young men's “Whale Dance” brings the festival to its peak.
Every household parades sushi made with great care. Whole mackerel sushi , seaweed rolls, kelp rolls, deep-fried tofu...

When I entered junior high, my father started farming rice fields. One tan (about 1,650 square meters) yielded eight bales of rice. We used no oxen for plowing; everything was done by hand with a plow, hoe, and shovel. It was hard work, and I hated helping.
Leeches bit me, which was a real pain. I struggled to pull each one off. Snakes swam in the water. Sparrows, locusts... we were plagued by tiny pests. I'll never forget the exhilaration of diving into the nearby river.
Soon after, my father started double cropping. We harvested nearly 15 bales of rice in total. It became known as “the first double cropping in Wakayama Prefecture.” But my hardship doubled.

Winter

Snow rarely fell, but the wind was bitterly cold. The rain is cold. The sea is rough.
Even so, my father loved rowing his tenma boat out to sea. My mother would go to the mountain fields. We children, dressed in our hanko (padded coats), would help her. The hanko were made by my mother, sewing late into the night.

母

On New Year's Day, before dawn, we would visit the Hachiman-sama (Hachiman Shrine) on a small hill. We would clasp our hands together in prayer at the first sunrise over the sea.

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Part1
Let's Go to Miwasaki
Part2
Back Then
Part3
Manyo-shu
Miwasaki
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